RISK FACTORS FOR POST-LIVER TRANSPLANT BILIARY COMPLICATIONS IN THE ABSENCE OF ARTERIAL COMPLICATIONS

Background

- Biliary complications (BC) represent the most frequent complication after liver transplantation, up to 34% of cases.

Aim:

To identify modifiable risk factors to biliary complications after liver transplantation, essential to decrease morbidity.

Method:

Clinical data, anatomical characteristics of recipient and donors, and transplant operation features of 306 transplants with full arterial patency were collected to identify risk factors associated with BC.

Results:

BC occurred in 22.9% after 126 days (median) post-transplantation. In univariate analyses group 1 (without BC, n=236) and group 2 patients (with BC, n=70) did not differ on their general characteristics. BC were related to recipient age under 40y (p=0.029), CMV infection (p=0.021), biliary disease as transplant indication (p=0.018), lower pre-transplant INR (p=0.009), and bile duct diameter <3 mm (p=0.033). CMV infections occurred sooner in patients with postoperative biliary complications vs. control (p=0.07). In a multivariate analysis, only CMV infection, lower INR, and shorter bile duct diameter correlated with BC. Positive CMV antigenemia correlated with biliary complications, even when titers lied below the treatment threshold.

Conclusions:

Biliary complications after liver transplantation correlated with low recipient INR before operation, bile duct diameter <3 mm, and positive antigenemia for CMV or disease manifestation. As the only modifiable risk factor, routine preemptive CMV inhibition is suggested to diminish biliary morbidity after liver transplant.