Many free radicals result in an inflammatory process due to complications caused by gallstones. These free radicals are inactivated by various reactions and participate in different reactions. Molecules are oxidants and antioxidants that take an active role in almost every event that takes place in the body.
To analyse the changes in total antioxidant level (TAL) and total oxidant level (TOL) in the follow-up of patients hospitalized for cholelithiasis or its complications, showing the active oxidative stress, and to test the usability of these parameters in the evaluation of treatment success.
Forty-five patients took part in the study. Blood samples were taken twice, previous to surgery and 6 hours after surgery. Tissue samples were also obtained from patients who were operated. Then, the samples were sent to a laboratory to measure the total oxidant and antioxidant status of patients.
The median for the TAL_before (pre-operation or hospitalization in non-operational) variable was 2.40 (interquartile range — IQR=0.50), and the median for the TAL_after variable was 2.20 (IQR=0.33). The median of the tissue-derived TAL variable was 0.32 (IQR=0.13), and the median of the TOL variable was 0.43 (IQR=0.52). The median value of the TAL_before variable for men was 2.50 (IQR=0.50), while the median value for the TAL_before variable for women was 2.30 (IQR=0.50). TAL_before variable values did not show a statistically significant difference according to gender (Z=1.446; p=0.154, p>0.05). Similarly, the median values of TOL_before variable by gender were similar (Z=0.614; p=0.545, p>0.05).
Cholelithiasis and its complications cause many inflammatory responses, ending with free radical formation. During follow-up, its level decreases due to consumption or success of the treatment.
Asymptomatic cholelithiasis is a highly prevalent disease, and became more evident after the currently greater access to imaging tests. Therefore, it is increasingly necessary to analyse the risks and benefits of performing a prophylactic cholecystectomy.
To seek the best evidence in order to indicate prophylactic cholecystectomy or conservative treatment (clinical follow-up) in patients with asymptomatic cholelithiasis.
A systematic review was performed using the PubMed/Medline database, according to PRISMA protocol guidelines. The review was based on studies published between April 26, 2001 and January 07, 2022, related to individuals older than 18 years., The following terms/operators were used for search standardization: (asymptomatic OR silent) AND (gallstones OR cholelithiasis).
We selected 18 studies eligible for inference production after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Also, the Tokyo Guideline (2018) was included for better clarification of some topics less or not addressed in these studies.
Most evidence point to the safety and feasibility of conservative treatment (clinical follow-up) of asymptomatic cholelithiasis. However, in post-cardiac transplant patients and those with biliary microlithiasis with low preoperative surgical risk, a prophylactic cholecystectomy is recommended. To establish these recommendations, more studies with better levels of evidence must be conducted.
Gallbladder diseases (GBD) are one of the most common medical conditions requiring surgical intervention, both electively and urgently. It is widely accepted that sex and ethnic characteristics mighty influence both prevalence and outcomes.
This study aimed to evaluate the differences on distributions of gender and ethnicity related to the epidemiology of GBD in the Brazilian public health system.
DATASUS was used to retrieve patients’ data recorded under the International Code of Diseases (ICD-10) - code K80 from January 2008 to December 2019. The number of admissions, modality of care, number of deaths, and in-hospital mortality rate were analyzed by gender and ethnic groups.
Between 2008 and 2019, a total of 2,899,712 patients with cholelithiasis/cholecystitis (K80) were admitted to the hospitals of the Brazilian Unified Health System, of whom only 22.7% were males. Yet, the in-hospital mortality rate was significantly higher in males (15.9 per 1,000 male patients) than females (6.3 per 1,000 female patients) (p<0.05). Moreover, men presented a significantly higher risk of death (RR=2.5; p<0.05) and longer hospital stay (4.4 days vs. 3.3 days; p<0.05) than females. Compared to females, men presented a higher risk of death across all self-declared ethnic groups: whites (RR=2.4; p<0.05), blacks (RR=2.7; p<0.05), browns (RR=2.6; p<0.05), and Brazilian Indians (RR=2.13; p<0.05).
In the years 2008-2019, women presented the highest prevalence of hospital admissions for GBD in Brazil, and men were associated with worse outcomes, including all ethnic groups.
Desenvolvido por Surya MKT