The medical residency model, established over a century ago, remains the gold standard for medical education. Given its increasing significance in imparting expertise in medical specialties, understanding the profile of residents and changes over time is crucial.
This study aimed to assess graduates of digestive surgery and coloproctology residency programs at Hospital das Clínicas of the Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP) regarding their professional, academic, and research activities. It also aimed to analyze changes in resident profiles over the years, the impact of postgraduation on professional activities, and differences between graduates working in São Paulo capital and elsewhere.
A digital survey with 42 questions was sent to graduates who commenced training between 1979 and 2021. Results were analyzed in subgroups based on two eras (Era 1: 1979–2000; Era 2: 2001–2021), the impact of postgraduation, and respondents’ work locations.
The survey was responded by 213 graduates (87.6%). The training significantly impacted all respondents’ professional lives, with 92.5% willing to choose the same specialty again. Graduates from Era 2 showed a higher proportion of females, residents of cities other than São Paulo, and graduates from institutions outside FMUSP. Postgraduate responders were more involved in academic and research activities, publishing more papers, holding societal memberships, and performing more robot-assisted procedures. Those outside São Paulo capital were more involved in endoscopic procedures and associated with medical insurance.
The majority of graduates considered medical residency fundamental for career development. Social and economic changes influenced residents’ profiles and post-program activities.
The surgeon's formation process has changed in recent decades. The increase in medical schools, new specialties and modern technologies induce an overhaul of medical education. Medical residency in surgery has established itself as a key step in the formation of the surgeon, and represents the ideal and natural way for teaching laparoscopy. However, the introduction of laparoscopic surgery in the medical residency programs in surgical specialties is insufficient, creating the need for additional training after its termination.
To review the surgical teaching ways used in services that published their results.
Survey of relevant publications in books, internet and databases in PubMed, Lilacs and Scielo through july 2014 using the headings: laparoscopy; simulation; education, medical; learning; internship and residency.
The training method for medical residency in surgery focused on surgical procedures in patients under supervision, has proven successful in the era of open surgery. However, conceptually turns as a process of experimentation in humans. Psychomotor learning must not be developed directly to the patient. Training in laparoscopic surgery requires the acquisition of psychomotor skills through training conducted initially with surgical simulation. Platforms based teaching problem solving as the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery, developed by the American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgery and the Laparoscopic Surgical Skills proposed by the European Society of Endoscopic Surgery has been widely used both for education and for the accreditation of surgeons worldwide.
The establishment of a more appropriate pedagogical process for teaching laparoscopic surgery in the medical residency programs is mandatory in order to give a solid surgical education and to determine a structured and safe professional activity.
Developed by Surya MKT