What is translational research?

Translational research is a dynamic process that aims to bridge the gap between scientific discoveries and their practical application in improving human health. It encompasses a continuum of activities that involve translating knowledge and insights gained from basic research into clinical practice and ultimately into public health impact. Translational research brings together scientists, clinicians, and other stakeholders to collaborate and facilitate the translation of scientific findings into tangible outcomes that benefit patients and society. The four phases of translational research provide a framework for the progression of scientific discoveries from bench to bedside and beyond.

The first phase, T1 or "basic sciences," focuses on understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying diseases and identifying potential interventions. This phase involves laboratory-based studies and preclinical research to explore the feasibility and efficacy of interventions in animal models.

The second phase, T2 involves evaluating the safety and effectiveness of interventions in humans through clinical trials. Researchers aim to gather evidence on the impact of interventions, refine their delivery, and identify any potential adverse effects.

The third phase, T3 emphasizes the translation of interventions into health conditions. Researchers examine the implementation and dissemination of interventions at a population level, considering factors such as access, equity, and sustainability. T3 research involves studying the effectiveness and impact of interventions in diverse communities and populations.

The fourth phase, T4 or "population health to public policy," focuses on translating research findings into policies and practices that can influence population health outcomes. This phase involves engaging policymakers, healthcare organizations, and other stakeholders to ensure the integration of evidence-based interventions into public health strategies and policies.

By following this framework, translational research facilitates the translation of scientific knowledge into tangible benefits for individuals and communities, ultimately improving public health and healthcare delivery.

This text was written by:

Francisco Tustumi,

FMUSP Digestive System Surgeon

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