ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS FOR ABDOMINAL SURGERY: WHEN TO RECOMMEND? BRAZILIAN COLLEGE OF DIGESTIVE SURGERY POSITION PAPER

BACKGROUND:

Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis is an essential component of perioperative

care. The use of prophylactic regimens of antibiotics is a well-established practice that is encouraged

to be implemented in preoperative/perioperative protocols in order to prevent surgical site

infections.

AIMS:

The aim of this study was to emphasize the crucial aspects of antibiotic prophylaxis

in abdominal surgery.

RESULTS:

Antibiotic prophylaxis is defined as the administration of antibiotics

before contamination occurs, given with the intention of preventing infection by achieving tissue

levels of antibiotics above the minimum inhibitory concentration at the time of surgical incision. It

is indicated for clean operations with prosthetic materials or in cases where severe consequences

may arise in the event of an infection. It is also suitable for all clean-contaminated and contaminated

operations. The spectrum of action is determined by the pathogens present at the surgical site.

Ideally, a single intravenous bolus dose should be administered within 60 min before the surgical

incision. An additional dose should be given in case of hemorrhage or prolonged surgery, according

to the half-life of the drug. Factors such as the patient’s weight, history of allergies, and the likelihood

of colonization by resistant bacteria should be considered. Compliance with institutional protocols

enhances the effectiveness of antibiotic use.

CONCLUSION:

Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis is

associated with reduced rates of surgical site infection, hospital stay, and morbimortality.